Zatar

Zatar (commonly referred to as za'atar) is a fundamental Middle Eastern spice blend and herb mixture central to Levantine cuisine. Originating from the Levant region—including present-day Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Palestine, and Israel—it serves as both a seasoning and a primary ingredient in various traditional dishes.

The composition of the blend typically includes dried herbs, most frequently wild thyme (*Origanum syriacum*), though oregano or hyssop are frequently utilized as alternatives. These are mixed with toasted sesame seeds, tangy sumac, and salt. The quality of a premium Zatar is determined by the freshness of the dried herbs and the potency of the sumac, which provides a characteristic citrusy acidity that balances the earthy, savory notes of the seeds and thyme.

Regional variations exist throughout the Middle East, with different cultures adjusting the ratios of ingredients to suit local palates. Some variations may emphasize the tartness of the sumac, while others focus on the aromatic qualities of the herbs. It is most famously consumed as a breakfast staple, often served in a shallow dish of olive oil for dipping bread, or used to garnish manakish (Levantine flatbread) and labneh (strained yogurt). Beyond these, it is widely used to season roasted meats, vegetables, and salads, making it a versatile staple in Mediterranean culinary traditions.